Smacking Your Children: The Law in the UK
The law on physical discipline varies across the UK, and rules have changed significantly in recent years. Scotland banned smacking in 2020, Wales followed in 2022, and England and Northern Ireland still permit it in limited circumstances. What counts as lawful discipline in one part of the country may be a criminal offence in another.
What Counts as Reasonable Punishment
In England and Northern Ireland, the defence of reasonable punishment still exists, though there are ongoing campaigns to abolish it. This means a parent can legally smack their child as long as it does not go beyond what the courts consider reasonable.
There is no precise legal definition of reasonable punishment, but certain factors are taken into account. These include the child's age, the nature of the smack, and the circumstances surrounding it.
Across all parts of the UK, any physical punishment that causes visible marks, bruising, or injury is likely to be considered unreasonable and unlawful. A smack will also generally be considered unreasonable if it involves an object such as a belt, slipper or cane, or is delivered with significant force.
Physical punishment that crosses these boundaries may result in charges of common assault, actual bodily harm, or in serious cases, child cruelty.
Another adult, such as a grandparent or babysitter, can use reasonable punishment only if a parent consents and the same legal constraints apply as if the parent administered the punishment themselves. This is not widely encouraged or practiced. Teachers and other school staff cannot smack children under any circumstances.

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Try our Parental Rights Checker free, here on this site →The Position in Scotland and Wales
Scotland removed the defence of reasonable punishment in 2020, and Wales followed in 2022. In both countries, any form of physical punishment against a child is now unlawful and can result in prosecution for assault.
Both nations have also invested in promoting non-violent forms of child discipline and support for parental education programmes. The aim of these changes was to give children the same legal protection from assault as adults while helping parents find alternative approaches.
Your situation may be slightly different. ask a question below ↓ and our editorial team will reply with our advice.
Teachers and Physical Restraint
While teachers cannot smack or hit pupils, school staff in England do have the power to use reasonable force in specific situations related to safety. This is distinct from physical punishment. It includes restraining a pupil who is hurting someone else, damaging property, or behaving in a way that disrupts order and safety.
Teachers also have powers to search pupils for items banned by the school, such as weapons, alcohol or drugs. These powers are set out in Department for Education guidance, which schools must follow. Any force used must be proportionate to the situation.
Where to Get More Information
The law on physical punishment differs depending on where you live in the UK. For official guidance, check GOV.UK or contact your local council's children's services team. These services can also provide information on positive parenting approaches and non-physical discipline methods.
If you have concerns about a child's welfare, you can contact the NSPCC helpline or speak to your local authority. Organisations such as Family Lives offer free advice and support for parents looking for guidance on discipline and child development.
I’ve been looking at lots of information as I had an experience where I was on the beach with my 3 kids, we where heading back to the car as water was coming in and my son kept running off from me, I asked him to wash the sand of which he did but he kept runnign of and then by the car rolled in the sand. I wasn’t feeling very well and I couldn’t handle my feeling and ended up giving him one light snack on his leg. This was reported to the police, they came out and saw the kids and were happy. They left it at that.
I decided to do something’s to help me keep my cool and work better at controlling my emotions.
I approached local talking services, I told them what happened.
At the end they said they had to do a referral, after speaking to their safeguarding lead they were advised to do a MARF form.
I’m now petrified about this and so is my wife.
Smacking is wrong and does not improve behaviour. I am the adult and responsible for controlling my actions.
I feel like I’ve reached out for help and now I’m more anxious than I was before.
Normally a typical tap on the back of the head is usually all it takes sometimes. However this time was different. This time it made contact with his face. I left a small red finger mark. After firmly escorting him to his bedroom, I went back down to my bedroom and started compiling all of my thoughts. I cried because I couldn't believe I even got to that point. And though the marks were not bad I personally still felt bad and know that he doesn't deserve that kind of treatment.
I've literally beaten myself up for this mistake.
After hearing and reading some of these posts and statements, what I did holds no wait compared to what I'm reading.
As a parent there is no validation for that kind of action. And I am ashamed of what I've done.
If any of you parents out there have embarked on the mistake that I have made, please strongly consider reevaluating your actions.
Our world at this time is extremely complicated and filled with Mass uncertainties. I'm pretty sure that the last thing us parents want to do is to amplify these confusions and uncertainties.
* To the other parents who've gone even further than I have. STOP IT NOW!!!!
Save yourself from jail. Save your kids from harm. Save your own sanity if you have one.
We've implemented new rules and procedures for such actions, and I suggest any parent who may not know how to address hostile situations to seek guidance. Some of those professionals really do have tricks that work far better than the chosen mistake.
I have recently found out that I am pregnant around 12 weeks, and i have already have a 13 months old year old. I have seriously considered having an abortion which led to me speaking to a counsellor provided by the clinic to help me to make a decision about it. I missed multiple appointments due to my uncertainty.But the more i shared the counsellor more relieved I was and I just enjoyed having somebody to talk and just share my inner fears. However , during the transition time I was and Still am feeling overwhelmed, and that it’s the reason why I have spoken to the counsellor. So basically I told her every about my life. I told her about my relationship inner issues , how I think I might not be able to manage with so children and even though my partner is all over the moon with it. So I basically told her that I feel that I smaked my baby of 1 old in a fla couple of occasions ! But always on the bottom, hands and I don’t hurt my baby ! I told her that I felt very guilty and I feel that in order to cope with the stress of uni assignments and home and children duties (because my partner also has a 5 year boy that sometimes I look after when he’s working) I have been smoking pot. But I also told her that I mainly did it at the time when my baby is at school and when my partner takes her to bed! I told her that my daughter has all of her needs met , but it’s just me that I am a wreck atm. Still I felt that she was redirecting me to have an abortion even though I told her I was against it and I would prefer having a baby rather than going through of getting rid of baby, plus my partner really wanted me to have the baby too. But when I had my phone appointment with the doctors she was making questions such as, you must be feeling very overwhelmed and etc! And then she turns : did you smack your baby ? And I was extremely chocked to her saying that ! And she carried on saying that she received a report of the counsellor stating a few things including that I smoked pot. And I told her that I didn’t want to speak to her about that , because I didn’t speak to her initially and that was a personal matter shared which has laws that protect the confidentially matter ! I asked the counsellor if there was any issues on what I had shared which she said that there wasn’t and she also made sure that prior to ever call she told me that if there was any info that needed to be shared , that I would be made aware of! I literally feel betrayed, I would have mind if she told me that she needed to share it ! But I’m extremely annoyed to the fact that I literally speak to a doctor who already knows everything that bothers me without me even talking to her. It’s not illegal to smack your baby , but that is not me ! I don’t like smaking children that is why I was bothered by it ! And I don’t hit her and never ever hurt her , and I wouldn’t allow nobody to do it! I was crying and overwhelmed because I need help to cope And not some stupid counsellor to think s
I read your message and it made me so upset.
All I know is that you are a lovely person and deserve to be treated with love and respect.
Children need a safe environment provided by their parents. Go to the police and report your dad. Speak the truth. Speak your truth. Do it for you and for your siblings.
Always know your beautiful worth even when others try to bring you down. You know deep down it s not true. At times when we live in such a setting you may come to have low self esteem but please know that you deserve love and respect.
Go to the police please. I will pray for you.
Don’t be afraid of speaking up- we keep doing it and people keep getting away with it.
Please can someone help me out and reply to this comment so I know what to do in future
Me sister does not hit her and I was wondering if when my sister gets hit by her daughter can she defend herself by hitting back.
most and i am a young teen female and I am not quite sure if it counts as abuse. It can leave a red mark and sometimes kinda what looks like irritated skin and 'goose bumps'. I read somewhere that where I live its illegal to
hit your child above the neck but he flicks behind my ears and head. I am not sure anymore and I love him and my mum a lot but he verbally calls me names and swears a lot more than mildly. this is usually in the heat of an
argument but the small things are in a little small disagreement. thanks!
many thanks
The problem is this happened Saturday and it’s now Monday and the mark is still there and bruised. It’s the 2nd time it’s happened.
I don’t like to admit it but I don’t know what to do as I’m scared of him myself. I feel utterly useless, my youngest has behaviour issues and she is worse after she has been with him.
My 9 year old felt like she wanted to defend her younger sibling and was upset that she had to endure daddy hitting my youngest.
If I had my way he wouldn’t see them at all. I feel like I’m neglecting them by making them go to his when they have all stated they don’t want to go anymore. Advice please!
I grew up in a controlling home too so I totally understand how awful it makes you feel. What is good though is that it never dictates the rest of your life or who you become. In fact it makes you all the more determined to be in a happy environment and to do well in life. Good for you for getting away from that life!!!
There is no justifiable reason to ever hit anyone. Because someone is frustrated, tired, upset etc... Go take a walk, go work out, Go outside, there's productive & postive ways to rid your frustrations in a healthy way, that's what adults do & if you don't know how to get a handle on your temper go get some help, go take parenting classes. Do NOT under any circumstances hit your child or allow anyone else to hit your child ever. Hitting is one of the worst things that people do & inorder to create peace & get a handle on violence in society, the hitting & all forms of abuse need to come to an end.
If my boyfriend slap in the face and head and kicks him in his bottom
Is a crime i was worried
And I have told him to stop and he never listen
Is it a crime that boyfriend hurts my child in that sort of way
Especial he is not the father of this child
I am really I am concern and worried about my child being scare and trauma by him
I believe smacking should be made illegal in this country and am swayed to work with organisations like NSPCC and Childline to stop the current reasonable law.
She has been charged with 'beating' her daughter. Basically she slapped her 17 year old daughter around the face, twice. She was extremely provoked, and believed her daugter to be hysterical. The 'witnesses' that called the police, refused to be witnesses, but egged the daughter on complain to the police. The daughter has since retracted her statement.
My friend is being told that she must plead guilty to beating, otherwise it will go to trial "and that would be worse"?. She has already been told she has been given bad advice by the police lawyer (telling her to say 'no comment' to everything) - but the solicitor might be able to 'turn things around' by telling the court that she had been given bad advice, and she has a good character - but surely once she pleads guilty, whatever the mitigating circumstances - she will get a criminal record??
My son told me he had to stay off school for 1 week because his mummy smacked him so hard leaving him bruised on his shoulder.
He is 10 and had to stay at home on his own for the full week.
This was also backed up by neighbours who rang to ask why he was alone in the house.
Racheal you should sue your grandparents for having you parents and them in turn having you and being so disappointed with you that they needed to abuse your big fat ugly chin...
Was the TV show you took them on the Crystal Maze? I can imagine that giving you a good kicking for getting 225 Gold and 127 Silver!
But just remember, that you don't abuse your own childrens chins! break the cycle!(Muddy Fox!)
Well let me elaborate, we have taken away her pens because she continuously draws on the wall/table/floor/sofa/dog/clothing, so the other day she decided she wanted to break her dads pen, then she approaches him and says "I broke your pen because I wanted to make you upset" litterally!
She's started to try and hit us, even screaming and throwing things it's nothing I've EVER seen a child her age do, like, it's full blown teenage RAGE! We don't know where it has come from as she has never been spanked, or even shouted at! Her father and I strive for a calm household but she's just getting worse and we just don't know what to do anymore! We don't want to spank her for the verbal abuse or constant lying, we can't preach enough that we don't want her to be spanked for her verbal abuse, we can only see it right to spank a child if they strike you first, thus not to encourage physical abuse.. but really.. what the heck do I do?!
I am genuinely concerned, she needs help but I don't know where to turn.
Argument escalated ànd he said i was terrible mum not fit to be a parent felt like stabbed me in my heart and i slapped him hard in face we ended up wrestling!!! He wanted to leave i wouldn't let him eventually he overpowered me and left!! Dont know what to do
I'm stuck at what to do, because if I say anything to him he will know my daughter told me and how will he treat her?
I do not smack and do not want others doing it either, he is disabled (asd and possible spd) and she had him every other week over night to give me a rest.
He has said a few things to me "granny said..." ect about his dad (who I am no longer with but we get on) and his Step dad (my husband) both of whom my mum doesn't like. He also also said things like he is going to live with his granny and never see mummy again. All of which I tried to handle but I never thought she would physically hurt him. myself and my mum don't really get on and never have but my son loves her and likes going, more recently not so as he says Granny makes him sad so I limited the contact they had. I am stopping it all together now and I'm angry, so so angry that she hurt my baby boy. I feel guilty and I should have known.
My question is will Social Services tell the police? Will they see me as failing my son for allowing him to have a relationship with her? Can I call the police?
I can keep my son safe now and he will never see her again I will make sure of it, but she works with disabled adults, if she can hurt her own grandchild in my mind she can hurt them to. Will the police do anything as he is her grandchild even though I don't want anyone smacking him? Will they question him (he doesn't like strangers and can get very upset and lash out)? I have all these questions in my head and can't sleep or eat, I want justice for my son.
But it has to happen in the moment, with no intention of causing fear or pain to the child.
I think it's utterly important parents act spontaneosly and listen to their hearts instead of doing parenting by the books.
Nothing is black and white, i can imagine situations when it would be necessary, but i also truely believe that this should not happen often, it has a very positive affect if it's used in the proper way.
Situations in families where children get smacked frequently shows theres something wrong, but still i very much disagree with the idea of banning this by law.
I have a true story i'd like to share which i've heard at a pschycoligist's meeting. One of them had a female patient, it's her story. She was a single mom who used to have a good relationship with his son, but when her son became a teenager, 12 years old, he started testing her like teens do, so he said to his mother that he wanted to move to his dad. The lady became so heated and hurt that he started shouting "shut up" and hit her son. Then she said to the pschycoligist, that she was so worried, because after this happened instead of ruining their relship they had developed a brilliant connection with her son. This ment a lot to him, seeing his mom desperately scared of loosing him.
Then the pscychologist said to this lady, that she was lucky it happened before their session cause he would have never ever been able to advise her to do this because he'd risked to loose his license.
I believe that it's important to discuss the reasons why you smack your child, but if it happened in the moment they shall be aware already. And this is exactly why it can be a useful, honest and loving reaction.
Your comments are of course correct
The defense of "reasonable chastisement of a child" was established by a 18th century court precedent (i dont have the case name to hand) and in this case it was established that assaulting a child is only a defense if it amounts of reasonable punishment.
The definition you provided only states a level which is certainly illegal
it does not mean that less force than what is described in the statute is lawful.
I have noticed a number of other incorrect statements of law on this site and i cant seam to get a response from anyone about it
Some of these comments are just ironic, I for one believe that a smack is allowed of course not to regular but not out right abuse. I agree with one of the comments made in regards to children's disrespectfulness seems to be allowed nowadays because of such comments from children's organisations. A parent should be allowed to smack their child not beat or abuse big difference. every child is different and take to punishment differently hence as a parent you know which way is best to punish YOUR OWN CHILD simple. The comments made around other people abusing and hitting your family members 'grandchildren' if this is the case why are you and your family allowing the children to see that particular family meme bet or why are you guys not doing nothing about it sitting here complaining over a computer is not going to help your children/grandchildren.
My 11yr old son called me back 22nd Oct, screaming that he had been smacked and punched in the head by his mother, a name I no longer think she deserves. Anyway, the school Pastoral care team checked him when I managed to get him to go to school. They put an ice pack on his face to ease the swelling, noted the red hand print on his cheek. Then they called in the Police and Social Worker. My ex wife was called in to explain why she smacked him across his face so violently and punched his head as she dragged him down the stairs and told him to get lost. Nobody took any photos, when I got an urgent court date where I live the judge decided that even though I only put what information I was given, I exaggerated so my sons were ordered back to their mother. I have been so busy since then with trying to see my boys. Now I am so feckin angry that she was not charged with assault, even with the school and SW agreed that he had a red hand print. I would love to have that judge and the police investigated
What right has anybody got to smack anybody, a grown adult smacking someone sometimes only a quarter their size. Its just a form of bullying even if it is to correct undesirable behaviour.
Put to a vote il vote to ban smacking children every time
I feel useless.
Now as a mother myself to 3 children, i wont smack my children. Not because i think its cruel, but because i am terrified to get my children removed and myself labelled as abusive. I can see a clear difference between different generations behaviour, my children and other children know that an adult can not smack a child.
My daughter (who was 3 at the time, who has a wild imagination) told her nursary teachers i had smacked her across her face. Before i knew it police and social services were at my door. I was arrested on suspicion of child abuse, the children had to stay with family members. I protested my innocence, i had never smacked my kids. They all believed an over active imagination of a 3 year old child. In the end, the charges and case was dropped because of insufficient evidence, but the social services remained with us for a considerable amount of time.
That incident terrified me! So no, i don't punish my children using smacking. I know how damaging it can be- even when wrongly accused. But that doesn't mean i don't agree with it, after all, maybe if i did spank my daughter when she used to lie, maybe i wouldn't have been in that situation in the first place.
As I understand, it is only true in Scotland, since October 2003. In the UK, The Children Act 2004, section 58 specifies that the defence of "reasonable punishment" cannot be used in cases where ABH, GBH or cruelty are involved but makes no mention of the use or otherwise of an implement for punishment. There have been subsequent attempts to tighten the law further but none of these have been enacted.
As the articles on the site are "written by highly trained family law experts" I am sure you have a high concern to present legal facts correctly and would be pleased to hear if there was room for improvement in one of your articles. I trust you will either change the wording or point out where I am wrong if that is the case.
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